Power transmission



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F eb, 29, 1944.

C. A. NERACHER ETAL POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Jan. 16. 1941 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 Aanv/W,

' Feb- 29, 1944- c. A. NERACHER ET AL POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 Feb- 29, 1944- c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMI SS ION Originl Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 Feb. 29, 1944.

C. A. NERACHER ET AL POWER TRANSMISS ION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 SHeetsSheet 6 Feb- 29, 1944 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISSION original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 sheeis-sheet 7 rToR 'EL-5.

Feb- 29, 1944 c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISS ION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 l5 Sheets-Sheet 8 ,Mr/nw@ ATTORNEY-5 Feb- 29, 1944 c. A..NE:RACHER l-:T AL 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENT R5.

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Feb. 29, 1944. c. A. NERACHER ET AL 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 Sheets-Sheet l0 Fell 29, *1944- I c. A. NERACHER ET Al. 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISSION 4Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941' 13 Sheets-Sheet ll 0 o 7.4 a l.

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c. A. NERACHER ET Al. 2,342,960

POWER TRANSMISS ION Feb. 29 1944.

Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 `15 Sheets-Sheet 12 /fz K 9 34 "f Q 7 9 Y Illa/HZ /M Il Feb 29, 1944 c. A. NERACHER ET Al.

POWER TRANSMIS S ION Original Filed Jan. 16, 1941 13 Sheets-Sheet 13 z ma? www5@ m I .im I mi; m 5 A i a Patented Feb. 29, 1944 POWER TRANSMISSION Carl A. Neracher, William T. Dunn, Augustin J.

and Otto W. Schotz, Detroit, Mich., as-

-signors to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Original application January 16, 1941, Serial No.

Divided and this application April 4, 1942, Serial No.v 437,630

This applicationyis a division of our co-pending application led January 16, 1941, Serial No. 374,674.

The invention claimed herein is directed to an improved uid control means for an automatic or semi-automatic power transmission wherein a plurality of speed ratio changes are made in sequence under uid pressure control.

It frequently occurs in these types of transmissions that the sequential operation of valves for establishing the different changes in speed ratio is accompanied by violent fluctuations in the line pressure such that, in some instances, the pressure falls to a low value and unintended changes in speed ratio occur.

It is, therefore, the principal object of this invention to provide an improved fluid pressure supply system for these types of transmissions.

A further object is to provide a uid Vpressure supply system which includes a plurality of check valves arranged in a novel manner such that once one of the fluid motors has beenoperated, sucient pressure will be maintained in that motor to prevent unintentional reverse operation thereof during the operation of other motors connected to the same line. s

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description which discloses one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. l is a side elevational view of the power plant and transmission for a motor vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a plan view somewhat diagrammatically illustrating the power transmission assembly in relation to the vehicle driving ground wheels.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the remote control hand shift mechanism taken as indicated by line 3--3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the Fig. 3 mechanism taken as indicated by line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the Fig. 1 shift apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view cated by line 6-6 of Fig. 5. I

Fig. '7 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated byline 1-' l of Fig. 6.

Fig. '7A is a detail sectional elevational view of a portion of the engine throttle operating mechanism sho'wn in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side view partly in section and partly in elevation showing the Fig. 1 power transmission. i

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevational view through the speed` ratio changing transmissionl which is illustrated in elevation in Fig. 8.

taken as indi- Fig. 9A is an enlarged Vsectional detail of the sun gear clutch of Fig. 9.

Fig. 9B is an enlarged detail of the sun gear brake anchorage structure of Fig. 9.

Fig. l0 is a transverse sectional view looking forwardly as indicated by line illi0 of Fig. 9, showing the transmission portion of the remote shift mechanism.k

Fig. 11 is a detail elevational view taken as indicated by line II-Ii of Fig. 10, certain of the oil pressure lines being shown in dotted lines.

Fig. 12 is a plan view taken as indicated by line I2-i2 of Fig. 10, certain parts being broken away to show sectional details thereof.

Fig. 13 is a detail sectional view taken as'indicated by line i3--I3 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 14 is a detail elevational view taken as indicated by line Il-II of Fig. 10, certain parts being` broken away to show sectional details thereof. v

Fig. V15 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated. by line i5-l5 0f Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by the line Iii-I6 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 17 is -a\detail sectional view taken as indicated by the line i1-ii of Fig. 9.

Fig. 18 is a detail sectional view taken as indi` cated by the line I8-i8 of Fig. 19.

Fig. 19 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by the line iS-I9 of Fig. 9, looking rearwardly of the transmission.

Fig. 20 isv a detailed sectional view taken as indicated by the. line 2li- 20 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 21 is an enlarged sectional view taken as indicated by the line 2i-2I of Fig. 9.

Fig. 22 is an enlarged sectional view taken as indicated by the line 22-22 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 23 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the transmission case cover with parts broken away to show details of the hydraulic system.

Fig. 24 is a view similar to Fig. 23, but with the valve member thereof in a different operative position. l

Fig. 25 is a sectional view taken as indicated by the line 25-25 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 26 is an end view of one of the governors shown in Fig. 11 with the cover removed.

Fig. 27 is an enlarged sectional detail view taken as indicated by the line 21-2ifof Fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the synchronous blocker clutch and free wheeling control mechanism. y

Fig. 29 is a sectional plan view of the clutch teeth taken as indicated by the line 29-29 of Fig. 28 showing the clutch sleeve in neutral position.

Fig. 30 is a view similar to Fig. 29 showing the clutch sleeve in free wheeling second speed ratio position.

Fig. 3l is a similar view showing the clutch sleeve in coast block position.

Fig. 32 is a similar view showing the clutch sleeve in drive block position.

Fig. 33 is a similar view showing the clutch sleeve in one of its engaged positions.

Fig. 34 is a sectional view taken as indicated bythe line 34-34 of Fig. 28.

Fig. 35 is a diagrammatic view of the transmission control system.

We have illustrated the principles of our invention in connection with a motor vehicle drive wherein the usual engine A transmits its drive through clutching means B, C, within casing 51|, the drive then passing through the underdrive transmission D, overdrive transmission E and propeller shaft l (Fig. 2) to the differential 52 and thence to the vehicle ground wheels 53 where it is desired to drive the rear wheels according to present day practice.

By preference, the arrangement is such that the drive from the engine passes vthrough an underdrive unit, then through an overdrive unit so that when both units are operating in highest ratio the car is driven in an overdrive ratio between the engine A and wheels 53. Our arrangement provides such conveniently operable kickdown or shift to a reduction drive from direct that the aforesaidV arrangement is practicable thereby obtaining advantages of economy, long life and quietness of operation without the disadvantages of sluggish operation which is especially objectionable in city driving.

The engine A has the customary intake manifold`5l and the carburetor riser 55 containing a throttle valve 58 operable by a lever 51 throughout a range between the illustrated closed throttle position for engine idling and a wide open position limited by lever 51 engaging a stop 58.

Lever 51 is adjusted by a driver operable accelera- 4 tor pedal 59 pivotally mounted at 80 on the toeboard 6I to swing downwardly against restoring spring 82 to thrust through the system of pivotally jointed links 83, 54 and connecting lever 85, the latter being pivotally supported at 88.

The link 64 operates lever 51 through a lost motion device T (Fig. 7A) serving to normally connect these parts as a solid member but affording thrust of link 5I forwardly after lever 51 has engaged its limiting stop 58 to effect the kickdown control on the transmission. Thus, link 8l has its forward end slidable in bore 81 of finger 88 which is pivoted to the lower end of lever 51. A spring 8! acts between finger 88 and a collar fast on link 84 and yields only when link 8l is thrust forwardly after lever 51 has engaged stop 58, the spring otherwise transmitting thrust of link 8l to finger 88 without lost motion. A bracket 1I limits separation between the link 84 and finger 88 and closes the throttle valve 58 when the accelerator pedal is released for upward swing by spring 82.

'I'he throttle operating mechanism therefore is such that movement of pedal 59 throughout its normal range will cause a corresponding ad- Justment in .the valve 58 between its limits of fully closed and wide open positions. When the pedal has been depressed to the wide open throttle position, lever 51 engages stop 5I and further depression of the pedal in its kickdown range of movement for the kickdown transmission control is accommodated by yielding of spring 85 while the throttle valve remains fully open. 0n release of the accelerator pedal. 5 springs 8l and 82 both act until collar 1l engages the rear ilange 12 of bracket 1I and thereafter, throughout the normal range of throttle adjustment, spring 82. alone serves to restore pedal 58 and c1ose`the throttle valve.

The kickdown range of accelerator pedal movement is utilized to eifect release of the reaction gear of the overdrive unit for a quick change from overdrive to direct drive without necessity of engine ignition. interruption. The throttle being open will cause the engine to rapidly speed up as soon as the lower driving ratio becomes effective.

y While in the present embodiment of the inf vention, overtravel of the throttle adjusting mechanism for obtaining kickdown is used, it is obvious that such overtravel is not absolutely necessary, and lost motion mechanism F could be omitted without materially affecting the operation of the device. If mechanism T is omitted, the kickdown control switch is arranged to be closed at wide open throttle position of the lever 51 or Just prior to the time said lever reaches that position. Inasmuch as the last increment of movement of the throttle valve has very little effect upon engine performance, practically identical operating characteristics will be obtained without the lost motion mechanism T as with it.

The lever 85 has fastened thereto a second lever 13 directed forwardly to provide spaced fingers 14, 15 in the path of the actuator 15 of the snap-switch 11 which is a control part of the kickdown mechanism. When pedal 59 moves in its kickdown range, finger 15 throws actuator n 18 rearwardly to close switch 11, the switch remaining closed until the pedal 59 is fully released, or substantially so, at which time ilnger 14 restores actuator 18 to the Fig. l position to open the switch 11.

We preferably transmit the drive from the engine A to underdrive transmission D through clutch means comprising a. fluid coupling B of the kinetic type preferably in conjunction with a releasable clutch C of a conventional design employed to facilitate manual shifts in transmission D, and to accommodate stopping the car in gear without tendency of the coupling B to cause the car to creep especially where the idle is set "fast (as during winter starting), or where the throttle is accidentally opened.

The engine crankshaft 18 drives the coupling .impeller 19 to circulate the fluid in its vaned passages to drive the vaned runner 8l in a manner well known for fluid couplings of the type illustrated. The runner drives the clutch member 8| of the friction clutch C of commercial design. Driven clutch disc 82- is fixed to intermediate drive shaft 83 and ls drivingly disengaged by depressing a clutch pedal 84 (Fig. l) which slides the throwout member 85 forwardly to operate levers 88 to unload driving pressure plate 81, springs 88 loading this plate and engaging thel clutch when pedal 84 is released.r

Shaft 83 extends rearwardly into the housing 74) 89 of underdrive unit D (Fig. 9) where it is formed with a main drive pinion 9| and a set of external driving teeth ill winch are adapted to slidably engage internal clutch teeth Il! of the synchronous coupling clutch sleeve Q (Fig. 16 29). Fixed to the shaft s: is a hub lu formed adapted to drive the tailshaft A|03.

with external teeth slidably engaged with the internal teeth |02 and |02' of a shiftable clutch sleeve Q which is adapted to be shifted forwardly or rearwardly by a fork ||2 fixed to a longitudinally extending shift rail I |3 (Fig. 14) disposed ony the left side of shaft 93 (looking forwardly of the vehicle).

The drive pinion 90 is vhollow and journals. by a bearing 92, the forward end of the intermediate transmission driven shaft 93 rwhich is The latter may carry the usual propeller shaft brake drum having braking mechanism operably associated therewith (not shown). The drive pinion 90 is continuously meshed with a gear 96 for driving the countershaft cluster 91 rotatable on a countershaft support 98.

The cluster 91 also includes a gear |01 which drives a pump P (Figs. 9 and 16). The pump P develops the fluid pressure necessary to the operation of the automatic phase of the transmission and for lubrication thereof and is of the well known Gerotor type having an inner driving I member |23 and an outer driven member |24 defining intake and delivery chambers |25 and |26, respectively. The driving member |23 is secured to a shaft |21 rotatable in a stationary pump housing |28 closed by a cover |29 at its outer end. The upper end of shaft |21 carries a gear |30 which meshes with the pump drive gear |01 of the countershaft cluster 91.

The intake of suction chamber |25 receives a constantv supply of oil through an inlet passage |3| which opens into the oil reservoir or sump |32 along the bottom of the underdrive transmission casing 89. The oil under pressure is d elivered from the pump pressure chamber |26 upwardly through the delivery passage |31 (Figs. 10 and 14) which is in communication with a restriction valve 94 (Fig. 25). The valve 94 has a plunger 94 which is adapted to be moved against the pressure of a regulating spring 95 for controlling the iiow of uid to the direct speed fluid pressure motor. l

'I'he cluster 91 is further formed with gears |06, |08 and |08'. Gear |06 is in constantmesh with a gear |09 which is freely journalled on driven shaft 93. The reverse gear |08 is permanently meshed with an idler gear H8 (Figs. 18 and 19).

A gear ||9 slidably splined on the shaft 93 is adapted to be shifted by a shift fork |20 into mesh with the gear |08 to establish emergency low speed ratio drive, or into mesh with the gear |08 to establish reverse drive.l

A pair of synchronizing blocker'rings ||4, ||5 are. respectively disposed between the hub |04 and gears 90 and |09 andare driven with hub |04 with slight rotational clearance (Fig. 28); These blockers have cammed teeth H6, H6', ||1,

. the pitch circle thereof being the same as that of sleeve teeth |02 and |02', and teeth |0| and ||0, and they are adapted to frictionally engage the coneshaped clutching surfaces ||0' and respectively. If desired, energizing springs |22 may be provided between the blockers to lightly urge them into engagement with cones ||0' and respectively so that the blocker teeth H6, ||1 are `misaligned with the sleeve teeth |02 thereby preventing shift of sleeve Q as long as the parts to be clutched are rotating at different speeds. The synchronizing blocker rings are more fully described and claimed in the copending application of O. E, Fishbum, Serial No. 180,840, filed December 20, 1937.

As illustrated in Figs. 9 and 28, the second or intermediate speed driven gear |09 has clutch teeth |0 formed thereon and is provided with a reduced sleeve portion ||8 which extends forwardly in telescoping relation with the hub |04. A roller clutch, designated generally by the letter F, is disposed between the hub |04 and the extension ||8 as more clearly shown in Fig. 22. The hub |04 has cam surfaces I9 formed therein which are adapted to cooperate with rollers |20 to provide a one-Way driving connection between the hub and sleeve portion ||8 when the rollers are wedged between the said cam surfaces and the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve. A cage 2| retains. the rollers in properly spaced relation. A coil spring |23' is operatively connected between the cage |2| and the hub |04 and urges the ca ge and rollers in a counterclockwise direction of rotation as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 22.

The cage |2| is provided with a pair of diametrically oppositely directed fingers |24 which extend radially outwardly through slots |25' provided in hub |04. The fingers |24 are shaped as shown in Fig. 29 and are of such length that they engage between the teeth |02 and |02' of sleeve Q, a pair of diametrically oppositely disposed teeth having been omitted to provide space for the relatively wide linger as illustrated in Fig. 29.

The hub |04 is provided in its front face with a pair of diametrically oppositely disposed slots |26 which are adapted to receive a pair of lugs |21' carried by the blocker mem-ber ||4 (Figs. 9, 29 and 24). The slots |26 are larger than the lugs and serve to provide a driving connection between the hub and blocker member which permit relative movement therebetween as will be more fully explained hereinafter.

Similarly, the rear face of hub |04 is provided with a series of slots |28', of which there are four, for receiving the driving lugs |29 of the blocker member I5.

Fig. 29 illustrates the positions of the various parts when the sleeve Q is in neutral position with the tail-shaft |03 stationary and the engine running with the clutch C engaged. Under these conditions and looking from the forward end of the vehicle the gear is rotating clockwise and the blocker |4 is rotated by friction to the position shown, the lugs |21 thereof engaging the leading sides of the slots |26. Similarly, the gear |09 is rotating clockwise thereby causing the lugs |29 of blocker ||5 to engage the leading sides of the slots |28.

The finger |24', which is biased to clockwise rotation, is held in the neutral zone by one ofthe long sleeve teeth |02, the rollers |20A of clutch F being likewise in neutral as illustrated in Fig. 22.

When sleeve Q is shifted rearwardly (by means which will be described later on herein) the sleeve teeth |02 and |02' will be blocked by engagement of the chamfered ends thereof with the chamfered ends of the blocker teeth ||1 until the gear |09 and the sleeve become synchronized through the action of the clutching engagement of the blocker at surface Upon synchronization of the teeth |02 and I0, the blocker will be rotated to non-blocking position assisted by the pressure of the teeth |02 and |02' and the teeth |02 and |02 will slide through the teeth ||1 and into engagement with the teeth I0. This position of the sleeve Q is known as the non-freewheelingsecond-speed-ratio position and the drive from the shaft 83 is transmitted through gears 90, 96, |06 and |09, sleeve Q and hub |04 to shaft 93.

Forward shift of the sleeve Q from its Fig. 29 position to its Fig. 30 position will permit the finger |24' to-rotate forwardly (clockwise) sufciently under the action of the spring |23' to lock rollers 20A between the cam surfaces ||9 and the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve portion ||8 of gear |09 thereby forming a one-way overrunning drive connection between gear |09 and hub |04. This position is known as the freewheeling-second-speed-ratio position and the drive from shaft 83 is transmitted to shaft 93 through gears 90, 96, |06, |09, rollers |20 and hub |04. Shift of the sleeve to this position will be blocked by engagement of the long teeth |02 with the long blocker teeth ||6' until the sleeve Q becomes synchronized with the gear 90 through the action of the clutching surface It will be noted that the long teeth |02 are chamfered at their forward ends and the teeth H6' are correspondinglychamfered to assist the unblocking movement of the blocker at the instant of synchronization. Fig. 30 illustrates the relative positions of the lugs |21' and the teeth in freewheeling-second-speed ratio position.

Further movement of the sleeve Q forwardly during rotation of pinion 90 will be prevented by engagement of the short teeth |02' with the short blocker teeth ||6 as illustrated in Fig. 32. This position is known as the drive-block position and occurs during normal operation of the transmission under conditions when the sleeve Q is urged forwardly either by manual or power actuated means (as will be hereinafter explained) during the time that pinion 90 is rotating faster than the `shaft 93.

Release of the vehicle accelerator pedal during driving in drive block position will cause the pinion 90 to drop off in speed and when it drops to a speed slightly below the speed of the shaft 93 which action is assisted by the clutching action of the blocker I |4 at the surface |0) the blocker |4 will relatively speaking be rotated backwardly fcounterclockwise) to unblock the teeth |02- |02 and permit these teeth to pass through into engagement with the clutch teeth ||J|. This position is illustrated in Fig. 33 and is the direct drive position ofthe sleeve Q, the shafts 83 and 93 being locked to one another.

During operation of the transmission it'sometimes occurs that an attempt will be made to shift the sleeve Q into direct drive position duringr the time that the shaft 93 and hub |04 are rotating faster than pinion 90. the shift will be prevented by the short blocker teeth I6 which will be engaged by the long teeth |02 of the sleeve. This is the coast-block position illustrated in Fig. 31. If the pinion 90 is accelerated in speed while the parts are in the Fig. 3l position the blocker ||4 will rotate forwardly relative to the sleeve under the clutching action at the surface l0', and unblock the teeth |02 but the sleeve will not be completely unblocked because the short blocker teeth ||6 will then be engaged by the short sleeve teeth |02' in the drive-block position of the sleeve.

It is therefore apparent that the sleeve Q is blocked against shift under all conditions except when the teeth to be engaged thereby are rotating at substantially synchronous speed relat'vely thereto. In addition, shift of sleeve Q to drivingly engage the rollers of overrunning clutch F is prevented unless parts |04 and |8 of the clutch are synchronized. These shifting functions will be hereinafter further explained Under such conditions' in connection with the operation of the entire transmission.

The mechanism for shifting sleeve Q will now be described. Referring to Figs. 10 to 14, inclusive, it will be seen that the shift yokes or forks ||2 and |20 are slidably mounted on a rod |3| carried by the casing 89. Slidable with the yoke ||2 is a rail ||3, one end of which is carried by a boss |32. The other end portion of the rail is provided with a slot |33 which slidably receives a pin |34. piston |35 slidably disposed in a cylinder |36 formed in the casing. A spring |38 surrounds the rail ||3 and abuts the inner surface of the piston and the adjacent surface |39 of a shift element |40. The latter is slidable on the rail |3 and is adapted to abut the portion |4| of the yoke ||2\to shift the latter into free-Wheeling-second-speed ratio position under manual control of a shift finger |42 which is adapted to engage a slot |43 (Fig. 14) provided in the element |40. Forward shifting movement of the element |40 is limited by a pair of abutment rods |44 which engage the element and prevent shift thereof beyond the free-wheeling-second-speed ratio position.

The rail ||3 is further provided with a bore |45 in which is disposed a second coil spring |46. The latter abuts the pin |34 and the closed end of the bore. Fluid under pressure is adapted to enter cylinder |35 through passage |41, suitable control mechanism, hereinafter to be described, being provided. When the rail ||3, yoke ||2, sleeve Q and element |40 are in free-wheelingsecond-speed ratio position, admission of fluid into cylinder |36 will cause forward movement of piston |35 thereby compressing springs |38 and |45, the pin |34 sliding forwardly in the slot |33. If the sleeve Q is at this instant blocked against shift to direct drive position the yoke ||2 cannotY of course, shift. When the sleeve is unblocked it will be shifted to direct drive position by the spring |45 and retained in this position as long as pressure is on in cylinder |36. An outlet port |46 is provided in the cylinder to prevent building up of excess pressure during the time the parts are in direct position. If the pressure in cylinder |36 is cut off, the spring |38 will shift the piston 35 together with the rail ||3, yoke ||2 and sleeve Q back to freewheeling-second-speed position, the element |40 remaining all the while in its free-wheeling-second-speed position.

Shift of the sleeve Q to non-free-wheeling-second-speed position is accomplished manually by swinging finger |42 clockwise of Fig. 12 thereby shifting the sleeve into engagement with the clutch teeth ||0, and moving the rail ||3 and its associated mechanism bodily toward the right, the movement of piston |35 being accommodated by the space |49 in the cylinder head |50.

The low-reverse ratio shift yoke |20 has a portion |5I fixed to a rail |30 which is disposed parallel to and below the rail ||3 for sliding movement in bosses |52-l53. Shift of the rail |30 to the right of Figs. 13 and 14 will engage gear ||9 with reverse idler ||8 (Fig. 19) and shift thereof to the left Will engage gear ||9 with the low speed countershaft gear |08.

Suitable detent mechanism is provided for releasably holding the rails in their various positions. A detent ball |54 is adapted to engage the central of three recesses |55 for holding the rail ||3 in neutral position. When the rail is The latter is xed at each end in a' shifted to non-free-wheeling-second-speed position the ball |54 engages the left hand recess. and when the rail is shifted to free-wheelingsecond-speed position the ball engages the right hand recess. The rail is retained in direct drive position by the fluid pressure in the cylinder |36 so no detent is necessary.

The rail |30 is provided withrecesses |56 which Aare engaged by a detent ball |51 to releasably hold the railin neutral, low and reverse positions. An interlock pin |58 (Fig. 14) is adapted to engage one or theA other of recesses |59 and |60 provided in rails 3 and |30 respectively to prevent shifting of one rail when the other is in driving position.

The shift linger |42 is carried by a collar |59 which is slidably carried on a rockshaft |60. The latter is carried by a pair of aligned bosses |6||62 formed in the cover plate |63 which is adapted to be secured to the left hand side of the casing 89 over the opening provided therein and shown in Fig. 14. The collar |59 is nonrotatably carried on the rockshaft |60 and is provided with a washer |64 against which a coil spring |65 abuts, the other end of the spring abutting a retainer |66 carried by the rockshaft. The spring |65 continuously urges the collar upwardly and yieldably retains the finger |42 in A engagement with the slot |43 of element |40 (Fig. 14). A U-shaped lever |61 pivoted to the cover |63 by shaft |68 (Figs. 11 and 13) has rounded end portions which bear on the top surface of the washer |64. A lever |69 (Figs. 1 and 13) is fixed to the shaft |68 at the outside of the cover by a nut 10. Swinging of the lever |69 will move the collar |59 downwardly of the rockshaft |60 against the force of spring |65 to disengage the finger |42 from slot |43 of element |40 and engageit in slot |10 of the portion 5| of yoke |20.

`The rockshaft |60 has a shift lever |1| (Figs. 1 and 10) fixed thereto by a nu@ |12 for rocking the same to effect shift of rail ||3 or |30 depending upon which of the particular slots is engaged by finger |42.

The shift lever |1| and selector lever |69 are controlled by suitable mechanism illustrated in Figs. l and 3 to 7, inclusive.

A shift lever |13 is carried by the vehicle steering column, indicated generally by numeral |14.

The lever |13 is carried directly by a casing having separable sections mounted on the steering column |14. The said lever has a knob |16 on its outer end and a forked inner extremity |11 disposed within the casing |15. Provided on the lever |13 adjacent its forked end is a ballshaped enlargement |18 which is disposed between wear plates |19 and |19A mounted on the opposite side walls of an arcuate slot |80 formed in the casing |15 through which the lever 13 extends. The enlarged vportion |18 of the control lever has arbore in which a spring pressed detent ball |8| is disposed. Detent balll |8| is adapted to engage in an aperture formed in the lower wear plate |19 when the llever |13 is centrally located with respect to the opposite ends of the slot. The steering column generally indicated at |14 includes an outer tube on which the casing |15 is mounted and an inner tubular steering shaft |82 which is provided with a steering wheel |83 at the top end thereof as is conventional in the art. The steering shaft |82 extends longitudinally of the steering column and is centrally located with respect to the longitudinal axis thereof.

A tubular shaft |84 extends longitudinally of the steering column and is axially slidably and 5 rotatably supported by the column structure.

. Mounted in the upper open end of the tubular shaft |84 is a sleeve |85 which is welded or otherwise suitably secured thereto and which extends beyond the upper extremity of this shaft. A collar |86 is concentrically mounted on the portion of the sleeve |85 which extends beyond the shaft |84 and is detachably and non-rotatably held thereon by a nut |81 threaded on the upper end portion of thev sleeve as shown in Fig. 3. 'Ihe collar |86 is provided with diametrically opposed bosses in which are formed holes for receiving bolts |88 which fasten the apertured end portions of the fork |11 to the collar. 'Ihe bolts or pins |88 pivotally attach the lever to the bosses and the enlarged portion |18 of the lever serves as a fulcrum about which the lever may be oscillated in a vertical plane to shift the shaft |84 axially of the steering column. The shaft |84 may be rotated about its axis which is coincident to the longitudinal axis of the steering column by swinging the lever |13 about the axis of the steering column and during this movement of the lever the enlarged portion |18 thereof slides freely on the bearing surfaces provided by the wear plates |19 and |19A with which the walls o f the slot |80 ai'e lined.

At the bottom of the steering column the tube |14 thereof is provided with a slot |89 through which a lever |90 extends. This lever is welded to the lower end of the tubular shaft |84 as illustrated in Fig. 6 and is connected by means of a. pin |9| with an operating rod |92.

Partly surrounding the slot |89 is a housing structure |93 which has a tab |94 on which is o pivoted a bellcrank lever |95, the latter having a rounded end portion |96 which bears against the enlarged portion |91 of the lever |90. On the opposite side of the steering column the housing structure |93 has a depending bracket |98 Vwhich supports the upper end of a. Bowden cable structure |99. The flexible, motion transmitting cable 200 of the Bowden cable structure is connected with the lower leg 20| of the bellcrank |95 and a spring 202 is connected between the bellcrank lever and the bracket |98 in such manner that the bellcrank lever continuously urges the shaft |84 upwardly of the column |14.

The rod |92 is connected with one leg of a second bellcrank lever 203 pivoted at 204 on the block of the engine A, the other leg of said bellcrank lever being pivotally connected at 205 with an operating rod 206 which is pivotally connected at its-rearward end with the shift lever |1 I. The opposite end of the motion transmitting cable 200 of the Bowden cable structure |99 is connected with the selector lever |69 as shown in Fig. 1.

It will therefore be understood that the manually operable shift lever |13 is capable of swinging movement about the axis of the steering column in two paths, the said paths being disposed in parallelism one below the other. In shifting the ratio establishing mechanism in casing 89 the lever 13 may be rocked upwardly of the steering column which shifts the shaft |82 axially downwardly of the steering column thereby rocking the bellcrank |95 about its pivot which in turn, through the medium of the Bowden cable structure, swings the selector lever |69 clockwise of Fig. 1 thereupon effecting downward move- 75 ment of the collar |59 against the force of the spring |65 to disengage the shift finger |42 from the slot |43 and engage itin the slot I10.

The lever |13 is then adapted to be swung in its upper path of movement. Swinging of the lever in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4 will cause the bellcranl'. lever 203 to be swung in a clockwise direction, this in turn, through the medium of the operating rod 206, causing the shift lever I1I to be swung clockwise of Fig. 12 whereupon gear I|9 is shifted into engagement with reverse idler I I8. Swinging of the lever |13 clockwise of Fig. 4 shifts the gear II9 into engagement with low speed drive gear |08.

Counterclockwise swinging of lever |13 in its lower path of movement will effect shift of the coupling sleeve Q into engagement with clutch teeth I I thereby establishing non-free-wheelingsecond-speed-ratio setting of the transmission, the finger |42, of course, being engaged with the slot |43. Clockwise swinging of the lever |13 will effect shift of sleeve Q into free-wheeling-secondspeed-ratio-setting, the shifting movement of the sleeve Q being limited by engagement of the member |40 with the rod |44.

Referring now to Figs. 9, 9A and 21, it may be seen that the intermediate drive shaft 93 is supported by an anti-friction bearing 201 carried by an adaptor plate 206 which is disposed between the housing 89 and a housing 209 which encloses the overdrive unit E. 'Ihe housing 89, plate 208 and housing 209 are all secured together by suitable securing means, one of the cap screws forming a part thereof being shown at 2 I 0.

The rear end portion of the shaft 93 is splined at 2I| for connection with the planet carrier 2|2 cf the planetary overdrive unit E. The carrier 2 I2 is provided with mating splines 2 I3 and carries a plurality of axles 2|4 on which are rotatably mounted a plurality of planet pinions 2I5. The latter mesh respectively with a sungear 2|6 rotatably carried on the shaft 93 and an annulus gear 2I1 which has a hollow portion 2I8 extending rearwardly to a splined connection at 2 I 9 with the tailshaft |03.

The carrier 2|2 has a rearwardly extending sleeve portion formed in its outer surface with a plurality of cams 220 which are adapted to cooperate with the rollers 22| of an overrunning one-way clutch H to lock the carrier to the inner cylindrical surface 222 of the annulus gear portion 2 I8 thereby to transmit drive in the forward direction when the shaft 93 tends to overrun the shaft |03. The rollers 22| are spaced by a cage 223 which is urged by a spring 224 toward engaged position. The rollers 22| permit the shaft |03 and annulus 2|1 to overrun the shaft 93 and carrier 2|2, but prevent the shaft 93 from overrunning the shaft |03.

Slidably splined on the sun gear a sleeve 226 provided with outer splines 221. At the rear end of the sleeve 226, the splines are enlarged to form clutch teeth 228 which are adapted to mesh with clutch teeth 229 integrally formed on the carrier 2|2. A pair of annular brake elements 230 are carried on the splines 221, the rearwardly disposed element being prevented from sliding relative to the sleeve 226 by a snap ring 23|.

The brake elements 230 are adapted for friction engagement by a plurality of brake shoes 232 which are formed of friction material. The shoes or bands 232 are anchored to the casing 209 at four places, Fig. 9B showing one of the anchoring devices in detail.

The brake shoes 232 are carried by annular metal lplates 233 which are provided with integral ears 234. The ears 234 extend into slots 235 formed in the housing 209 and shaped to receive the ears. `A coil spring 236 acts to urge the cuter plates 233 apart, the spring surrounding a bolt 238 which passes through all three ears as illustrated. The inside plate 233 is urged to spaced relation by a spring 231 which is carried by a cuplike sleeve 239 disposed between the forward and middle ears as shown.

The brake shoes 232 are urged into frictionai engagement with the elements 230 by a hydraulic piston 240. This piston is of annular shape and surrounds the planetary gearset as illustrated in Fig. 9. The piston has an annular rearwardly extending portion 24| which snugly engages the inner surface of a cylinder 244 formed interiorly of the casing 209 as shown. The casing has a shoulder 243 which extends around the upper half thereof to form a cylinder head, the lower portion of the head being formed inside the casing. Suitable piston rings 242 are provided to insure a good seal.

The lower portion of the cylinder 244 is provided with an opening 245 which communicates with a chamber 246, the latter in turn, being open to a supply pipe or conduit 241.

Admission of pressure fluid into chamber 246 causes forward movement of the piston 240 thereby compressing the brake elements 230 and the brake shoes 232 to hold the sun gear 2 I6 against rotation. It `,vill be seen from Figs. 9, 9A and 9B that, as the rear brake element 230 moves forwardly, it also shifts the sleeve 226 forwardlsr so that the clutch teeth 228 are disengaged from the clutch teeth 229. The carrier 2|2 is therefore disengaged from driving relationship with the sun gear 2|6 when the brake is set to render the sun gear non-rotatable.

Forward movement of the brake elements and shoes compresses the springs 236, 231 and also the springs 248 and 249. The spring 248 acts between the rear brake-element 230 and a ring 250 which bears against the adapter plate 208,

a sleeve 25| partially enclosing the spring and havin-g a lip engaging the forward brake element in a manner similar to the arrangement of the springs 236. There are a. plurality of springs 243 corresponding in number to the springs 236'so that the brake elements and shoes will be maintained in positive non-dragging relationship at all times when pressure is off in chamber 246.

The spring 249 is' of greater force than the springs 236, 231 and 248 and bears on the ring 250 and the forward brake element 230 and assists the action of these springs.

The teeth 228-229 are of the well known Maybach type and are adapted to engage under the 2I6 at 225 is 00 action of the springs 236, 231, 248 and 249 when pressure is off in chamber 246.

The rearwardly extending portion 2|8 of the annulus gear 2|1 is provided with a cylindrical portion on which is non-rotatably carried a helical gear 252 which meshes with a second helical gear 253 carried on the central portion of a shaft 254 which is rotatable in bosses 255. On each end of shaft 254 is secured a plate 256. Each of these plates has a casing 251 secured thereto by screws 258. The casings 251 each contain governor actuated switch mechanisms referred to generally by the letters G and G.

The governor mechanisms G and G' (Figs. 1'7, 26 and 27) are each rotatable in the round recesses 259 provided in the casing 209. Each governor comprises a shaft 260 which is rotatable with the shaft 254. The shaft 260 has a head 26| which carries a pair of weights 262 carried by pivot pins 263. The weights are constrained to swing in unison by reason of an equalizer connection 264 and each weight has a stop pin 285 operable in a slot 266 in head 26|. The weights are yieldably urged inwardly by a flat leaf spring 261 which is bowed between stops 268 carried by the weights and after the shaft 260, during car acceleration, is rotating at a predetermined desired speed, the weights swing out thereby further bowing and tensioning the spring 261 and opening the switch which is operably associated with the weights. These switches may be of any suitable construction and the operation thereof will be described later on in connection with the description of operation of the transmission.

The governors G and G are adapted to operate their respective switches at different speeds,

it being necessary to the operation of the transmission to have the governor G, which controls operation of the overdrive piston 240, open its switch at a low speed, and to have the governor G', which controls operation of the direct drive piston |35, open its switch Aat a relatively higher speed. The governors may be given any desired operating characteristics by substituting various springs 261 of different strengths.

Both governors are constructed so that there is a differential in the operation of the respectively associated switches, the mechanism being arranged so that the switches close at a much lower speed than that required to open them although such relationship may be varied as desired.

Accordingly, the governor weights 262 of governor G may each carry a ball detent 269 loaded adjustably by a spring 210 such that as the weights spring out, the balls ).269 will enter notches 212 in the plate 256 and serve to prevent return of 'the weights and closing of the associated switch until the desired speed of the car has been reached on retarding the same for example to bring the car to rest. The provision of the ball detents 269 provide a convenient means of adjusting or changing the speed responsive operation of the governor by varying the position of the spring tentioning screws 21|.

The governor G is constructed in a similar manner and operates to hold the overdrive gear train in overdriving position until the car speed is reduced to a lower value than that at which the shift to overdrive is made on car acceleration.

The tailshaft |03 has a helical gear 213 (Figs. 9 and 20) splined thereon which meshes with a mating gear 214 carried by a shaft 215 which is mounted in bosses 216--211 in casing 209. The outer end of the shaft 215 carries a connection member 218 adapted to be connected to the flexible cable (not shown) of a regular speedometer drive mechanism. A ball or other suitable type of bearing 219 supports the tail shaft |03 at the rear end of the casing 209, a suitable seal 200 being interposed between the shaft and casing at the extreme rear end thereof to prevent escape of lubricant. The shaft |03 is adapted to mount a parking brake mechanism (not shown) at 28|'.

Referring now to Figs. 9-19, 23-25 and 35, it may be seen that the oil discharged from the pressure chamber |26 of pump P through passage |31 (Figs. 10, 1l, 14, 15 and 25) of the casing 89 may flow upwardly into the chamber of valve 94 (Fig. 25) or rearwardly through passage 286 (Figs. 14, 15).

The valve 94 is connected to a valve V carried by the cover |63 and which controls the action of the direct speed piston |35, by a passage 28|. The valve 94 is a restriction valve and functions to prevent drop in pressure in passages 286, 281 and 288 (which connect with the overdrive brake operating motor) when valve V is opened. This action will be hereinafter more fully exp' .ined

The passage 28| leads into the chamber of valve V as shown in Figs. 23 and 25, and when the valve is in its open (Fig. 23) position, the uid flows through ports 295 and 296 into pas,- sage 282, thence through passages 283 and 284 into passage |41 which is connected directly to the chamber |49 of the direct speed cylinder |36. The stem 291 of valve V' is urged upwardly to open position by a spring 298'. A solenoid S', carried by a threaded tting 299 which is threadedinto a hole provided in the cover for receiving the same, has a plunger 300 having a reduced stem-like portion 30| depending therefrom. When the coil 302 of solenoid S is energized, the plunger 300 moves downwardly and as the lower end of the stem 30| rests on the top of the valve stem 291, the latter is moved to closed position and the spring is compressed.

When valve V' is closed (Fig. 24) the stem cuts off communication between ports 295 and 296 and establishes communication between ports 296 and 303. Port 303 connects with passage 285 which drains into the casing.

Passage 286 (Figs. l0, 14 and l5) is disposed in the main casing 89 and is parallel to and below passage 282, and connects with a passage 281 which leads to the chamber of a valve V, and to a passage 293 which furnishes lubricating fluid to the transmission lubricating system. The valve V is similar to the valve V' and controls operation of the overdrive brake operating motor. The passage 281 connects with the valve V through a passage 288 (Fig. l5) and the system of porting in valve V is arranged in identical' manner to that in valve V', the passage 288 being connected through passage 289 with passages 290 and 29| (which connects by way of passage-241 with the chamber 246) when the valve is in open (Fig. 23) position, and the passage 289 being connected to drain passage 292 when the valve is in its closed (Fig. 24) position.

Valve V is controlled by a solenoid S which has a plunger stem 304 adapted to engage a valve stem 305 for moving the latter to closed'position against the spring 306.

Between passages 286 and 293 is disposed a valve 301 which serves as the main pressure regulating valve of the system. The valve 301 has a plunger 308 which is urged by a spring 309 to a position cutting off communication between passages 286 and 293. A threaded tting 3|0 permits adjustment or replacement of spring 309. 'Ifhe spring 309 is preferably of 40 pounds pressure thereby maintaining a fluid pressure of 40 pounds in the piston actuating part of the system.

A lubrication pressure regulating valve 3| having a plunger 3|3 urged to cut-off position by a spring 3|2 is disposed adjacent the valve 301. The valve 3|| opens the passage 293 to a drain passage 295 after a pressure of approximately 6 pounds has been attained in passage 293.

The passages 29| and 293 are connected respectively with the passages 241 and 294 by suitable passages (not shown) provided in the adapter plate 208. 

